The former player: 'I hoped to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This piece includes details of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racism in rugby union brought his career to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I really wanted to continue playing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"That was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and accept that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his first game in 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person education on building inclusive cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the pitch with complimentary sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and keep carrying this weight and do what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the ability to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022